Some comments for RGA - tests
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NB! All of functions are considered as black boxes: no use of their analytical forms, functions just return their values (when corrupted with noise, the first and second moments are assumed known ) in the points of calls.
The OF, chosen for the first and second examples, belongs to a family of 2D* analytical functions with 7 random parameters and is defined in a region [ 0. : 1. ] x [ 0. : 1. ].
- The first example: 1-st movie (Fig.1, the bottom) shows the evolution of regularized approximation of the OF with RGA: starting from 11 random points it comes to 200 points with a fairly good estimation of a global minimum.
- The second example differs from the first one with two subitems:
- a) to illustrate that the result is fairly robust with respect to initial set, it is chosen another one, i.e. another realization of 11 random points;
- b) RGA acts in a fully automatic mode: with automatic zooming and autotermination. The latter costs 621 calls of OF instead of 200, but provides us with more refine reconstruction of the OF in the area of global minimum.
- There are 3 movies ( Fig.2 ): the evolution of OF-approximation in the entire region, and two sequential auto-'zooming in' .
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A few standard test-functions and the results of related RGA -runs.
- "Sen & Stoffa's OF"minimization: the OF' gradient has jumps along a few lines but vanishes in a broad vicinity of multiple minima.
- Six-hump camel back function. Within the bounded region six local minima are located, two of them are global minima.
- Rosenbrock's valley (Banana function). The optimum is inside a long, narrow, parabolic shaped flat valley. Results of RGA -runs for OF in 2D - 8D are presented. NB! Because of specific geometry of the valley (which is "long, narrow...", that is near 1-dimensional one) the respective number of OF calls is about a linear function of the number of space dimensions.
A few non-standard ("near-real") functions.
"Multibanana function" (inverse Helmholtz). The very sharp global optimum is inside one of long, narrow, hyperbolic shaped flat valleys. Protein folding: microcluster of N identical atoms interacting via the Lennard-Jones potential; N=8 and the optimization problem of the the dimension (3N - 6) = 18 has multiple local - and global minima due to permutation symmetry of the OF. ...
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* Remark:
2D-region is chosen on these pages mostly because of a problem of visualization. RGA-algorithm has been applied to solving the classical 1D-wave equation with the OFs defined in 20D-regions. Sure, while dealing with multidimensional spaces the relevant reduction of a number of necessary OF- calls is much more impressive.
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